Personalized Combinational Immunotherapy against Metastatic Cancer

Cancer incidence and mortality remains a significant health problem; it is the second leading cause of death globally, accounting for an estimated 9.6 million deaths, or one in six deaths, in 2018 (data from the World Health Organisation). Metastasis is the primary cause of death associated with cancer. Systemic therapies, such as chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, and molecular targeted therapy, have been established to target metastasis. To address the critical challenge of treating metastatic cancers, this program aims to develop personalised multimodal cancer treatments by integrating homologous cancer cell membrane-derived nanovaccine and precision ICD-induced combinational nanomedicine.